LibGuides: Basic Research: Quantitative and Qualitative Research

Identify Research Methods in Articles

When reviewing research resulting from your search, begin by reading the abstract. The abstract can help you identify the methodologies used in the study. Often research articles include a section that describes the methods used in more detail.

Quantitative and qualitative methods are the two main categories of empirical research.

	Quantitative	Qualitative
Perspectives	experimental statistical positivist	naturalistic ethnographic phenomenological anthropological interpretive constructivist
Focus or Goals	describe with statistics test theories show relationships predict obtain a single true reality	develop understanding and meaning describe naturally occurring behavior describe multiple realities
Design	structured predetermined specific contrived	emergent evolving flexible natural holistic
Techniques	experiments questionnaires surveys structured observations or interviews	observations open-ended interviews field research case studies
Data Analysis	deductive statistical	interpretive inductive ongoing searching for themes text analysis

Adapted from: McMillan, J. H. (2012). Educational research: fundamentals for the consumer (6th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson.